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Precautions for Inspection and Assessment of Steel Structural Engineering
Release Date:
2020/02/18
Precautions for Inspection and Assessment of Steel Structural Engineering: 1. Inspection of steel structures may be divided into the following categories: material properties of the steel structure, connections and detailing, dimensions and deviations of structural members, as well as deformation and damage. When necessary, full-scale load tests on the structure or individual members, or dynamic testing of the structure, may be conducted. 2. The division of inspection units for material properties, connections and detailing, and dimensions and deviations of structural members may be determined in accordance with the Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Steel Structures GB 50205; the corresponding sampling quantities are as follows: for Class A buildings, the number of samples shall not be less than 50% of the quantity specified in GB 50205; for Class B buildings, the number of samples shall not be less than the quantity specified in GB 50205. 3. Material property testing of steel structures: 1. Mechanical property testing of steel used in structural members may include parameters such as yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, cold bending, and impact energy. 2. When steel from the same batch as that used in the structure is still available on site, test specimens may be fabricated from such steel for mechanical property testing; when no such steel is available, priority should be given to taking test samples directly from the structure for testing. If sampling from the structure is not feasible, alternative methods such as surface hardness testing may be employed. 3. When taking test samples from existing structural members, it must be ensured that the samples are representative of the overall structure. Sampling locations should be selected in areas where the member is subjected to relatively low stresses, so as to minimize disturbance caused by sampling and to prevent plastic deformation, work hardening, or other effects that might alter the material properties. Following sampling, the affected member must be promptly repaired. Sampling must not compromise the safety or normal serviceability of the structure.
4. The inspection of the dimensions of steel structural members shall comply with the following provisions:
1. The scope of dimension inspection shall cover all dimensions of the sampled components; each dimension shall be measured at three locations on the component, and the average of the three measurements shall be taken as the representative value for that dimension.
2. Inspection tools for steel structural components may include tape measures, vernier calipers, ultrasonic thickness gauges, and other instruments as required.
V. Connections and Detailing of Steel Structural Members
1. The inspection of the connection quality and performance of steel structural members can be categorized into welding connections, stud (shear stud) connections, bolted connections, and high-strength bolted connections, among others.
2. Ultrasonic testing and internal defect classification for Class I and Class II welds that are required by the design to be fully penetrated shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of GB 11345, “Manual Ultrasonic Testing Methods and Quality Grading Criteria for Steel Welds.” For ultrasonic testing of welds in steel space frame structures, the provisions of JGJ 78, “Standard for Quality Inspection and Evaluation of Space Frame Structures,” may also be applied concurrently.
3. The inspection of the connection quality of high-strength large hexagon bolted connections shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Steel Structures GB 50205 and the Code for Design, Construction and Acceptance of High-Strength Bolted Connections in Steel Structures JGJ 82. The visual inspection of connection quality shall cover such items as whether the bolt threads are rusted or damaged, whether the high-strength bolted connection assembly has been properly tightened, and whether there is any slippage between the high-strength bolted connection assembly and the steel plate.
4. The visual quality of butt welds may be assessed through sampling inspection. The methods for inspecting and evaluating the weld’s geometric dimensions and surface defects shall be in accordance with the provisions of Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Steel Structures, GB 50205.
5. The support types for steel structural members include rigid connections and pinned connections (both sliding and rotational). It is necessary to verify that the actual supports conform to the design conditions, and all support deformations (displacements and rotations) shall be fully inspected.
6. The structural detailing of steel structures includes aspects such as member slenderness ratios, width-to-thickness ratios, and bracing systems; calculations shall be performed based on measured dimensions, and assessments shall be conducted in accordance with the design drawings and relevant codes and standards.
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